@prefix : <https://domel.github.io/graphquerylangs/ont#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix xml: <http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@base <http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#> .

<https://domel.github.io/graphquerylangs/ont#GQLSMSOntology> rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
                                                              dcterms:creator "Dominik Tomaszuk" ;
                                                              rdfs:comment "Ontology derived from a systematic mapping study of secondary literature on query languages for graph data."@en ;
                                                              rdfs:label "Ontology for secondary studies on graph query languages"@en .

#################################################################
#    Annotation properties
#################################################################

###  http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator
dcterms:creator rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


#################################################################
#    Datatypes
#################################################################

###  http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#gYear
xsd:gYear rdf:type rdfs:Datatype .


#################################################################
#    Object Properties
#################################################################

###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#addressesTopic
:addressesTopic rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                rdfs:domain :SecondaryStudy ;
                rdfs:range :TopicCluster ;
                rdfs:comment "Relates a secondary study to the thematic topic clusters identified in the mapping."@en ;
                rdfs:label "addresses topic"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#answersRQ
:answersRQ rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
           rdfs:domain :SecondaryStudy ;
           rdfs:range :ResearchQuestion ;
           rdfs:comment "Relates a secondary study (or the whole mapping) to the research questions it contributes to answering."@en ;
           rdfs:label "answers research question"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#coversAspect
:coversAspect rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
              rdfs:domain :SecondaryStudy ;
              rdfs:range :ResearchAspect ;
              rdfs:comment "Relates a secondary study to research aspects it explicitly covers (query languages, path queries, etc.)."@en ;
              rdfs:label "covers aspect"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#dealsWithRQ
:dealsWithRQ rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
             rdfs:domain :TopicCluster ;
             rdfs:range :ResearchQuestion ;
             rdfs:comment "Relates a topic cluster to the research questions that it mainly addresses."@en ;
             rdfs:label "deals with research question"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#emphasisesAspect
:emphasisesAspect rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                  rdfs:subPropertyOf :coversAspect ;
                  rdfs:domain :SecondaryStudy ;
                  rdfs:range :ResearchAspect ;
                  rdfs:comment "Relates a secondary study to aspects that constitute its main focus."@en ;
                  rdfs:label "emphasises aspect"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#emphasisesAspectInTopic
:emphasisesAspectInTopic rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                         rdfs:domain :TopicCluster ;
                         rdfs:range :ResearchAspect ;
                         rdfs:comment "Relates a topic cluster to the research aspects it primarily concentrates on."@en ;
                         rdfs:label "emphasises aspect in topic"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#evaluatesAlong
:evaluatesAlong rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                rdfs:domain :SecondaryStudy ;
                rdfs:range :EvaluationDimension ;
                rdfs:comment "Relates a secondary study to evaluation dimensions used in comparisons (expressiveness, complexity, performance, usability, coverage)."@en ;
                rdfs:label "evaluates along"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#hasPrimaryDataModel
:hasPrimaryDataModel rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                     rdfs:subPropertyOf :usesDataModel ;
                     rdf:type owl:FunctionalProperty ;
                     rdfs:domain :SecondaryStudy ;
                     rdfs:range :DataModel ;
                     rdfs:comment "Relates a secondary study to the main data model on which it focuses."@en ;
                     rdfs:label "has primary data model"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#hasPrimaryLanguage
:hasPrimaryLanguage rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                    rdfs:subPropertyOf :studiesLanguage ;
                    rdf:type owl:FunctionalProperty ;
                    rdfs:domain :SecondaryStudy ;
                    rdfs:range :QueryLanguage ;
                    rdfs:comment "Relates a secondary study to the main query language it focuses on."@en ;
                    rdfs:label "has primary language"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#hasThreat
:hasThreat rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
           rdfs:domain :SecondaryStudy ;
           rdfs:range :ValidityThreat ;
           rdfs:comment "Relates a secondary study to threats to validity that are reported for it."@en ;
           rdfs:label "has threat"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#hasType
:hasType rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ,
                  owl:FunctionalProperty ;
         rdfs:domain :SecondaryStudy ;
         rdfs:range :StudyType ;
         rdfs:comment "Relates a secondary study to its study type (e.g., Survey, SMS, SLR)."@en ;
         rdfs:label "has type"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#indexedIn
:indexedIn rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
           rdfs:domain :SecondaryStudy ;
           rdfs:range :DigitalLibrary ;
           rdfs:comment "Relates a secondary study to the digital libraries in which it is indexed."@en ;
           rdfs:label "indexed in"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#orientedTo
:orientedTo rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ,
                     owl:FunctionalProperty ;
            rdfs:domain :SecondaryStudy ;
            rdfs:range :SystemOrientation ;
            rdfs:comment "Relates a secondary study to the primary system orientation (graph DB systems, RDF stores, graph processing)."@en ;
            rdfs:label "oriented to"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#refinesTopic
:refinesTopic rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ,
                       owl:AsymmetricProperty ,
                       owl:TransitiveProperty ,
                       owl:IrreflexiveProperty ;
              rdfs:domain :TopicCluster ;
              rdfs:range :TopicCluster ;
              rdfs:comment "Relates a topic cluster to another, more general topic it refines."@en ;
              rdfs:label "refines topic"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#relatedStudy
:relatedStudy rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ,
                       owl:SymmetricProperty ,
                       owl:IrreflexiveProperty ;
              rdfs:domain :SecondaryStudy ;
              rdfs:range :SecondaryStudy ;
              rdfs:comment "Symmetric relation connecting secondary studies that heavily refer to, extend, or compare to each other."@en ;
              rdfs:label "related study"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#specialisesAspect
:specialisesAspect rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ,
                            owl:FunctionalProperty ;
                   rdfs:domain :SystemOrientation ;
                   rdfs:range :ResearchAspect ;
                   rdfs:comment "Relates a system orientation to the broader research aspect it specialises (e.g., GraphDBSystem specialises GraphDatabases)."@en ;
                   rdfs:label "specialises aspect"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#studiesLanguage
:studiesLanguage rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                 rdfs:domain :SecondaryStudy ;
                 rdfs:range :QueryLanguage ;
                 rdfs:comment "Relates a secondary study to the query languages it explicitly considers (e.g., SPARQL, Cypher, Gremlin, GraphQL, GQL)."@en ;
                 rdfs:label "studies language"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#targetsDomain
:targetsDomain rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
               rdfs:domain :SecondaryStudy ;
               rdfs:range :ApplicationDomain ;
               rdfs:comment "Relates a secondary study to an application domain when the study is domain-oriented."@en ;
               rdfs:label "targets domain"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#threatOn
:threatOn rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ,
                   owl:FunctionalProperty ;
          rdfs:domain :ValidityThreat ;
          rdfs:range :ValidityDimension ;
          rdfs:comment "Relates a threat to validity to the validity dimension it belongs to (internal, external, construct, conclusion)."@en ;
          rdfs:label "threat on"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#typicalForModel
:typicalForModel rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                 rdfs:domain :SystemOrientation ;
                 rdfs:range :DataModel ;
                 rdfs:comment "Relates a system orientation (e.g., GraphDBSystem) to the data model(s) that it typically uses."@en ;
                 rdfs:label "typical for model"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#usesDataModel
:usesDataModel rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
               rdfs:domain :SecondaryStudy ;
               rdfs:range :DataModel ;
               rdfs:comment "Relates a secondary study to every data model it covers (RDF, property graphs, other graph models)."@en ;
               rdfs:label "uses data model"@en .


#################################################################
#    Data properties
#################################################################

###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#studyId
:studyId rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ,
                  owl:FunctionalProperty ;
         rdfs:domain :SecondaryStudy ;
         rdfs:range xsd:string ;
         rdfs:comment "Symbolic identifier of the study (e.g., QL13)."@en ;
         rdfs:label "study identifier"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#title
:title rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ,
                owl:FunctionalProperty ;
       rdfs:domain :SecondaryStudy ;
       rdfs:range xsd:string ;
       rdfs:comment "Title of the secondary study."@en ;
       rdfs:label "title"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#year
:year rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ,
               owl:FunctionalProperty ;
      rdfs:domain :SecondaryStudy ;
      rdfs:range xsd:gYear ;
      rdfs:comment "Publication year of the secondary study."@en ;
      rdfs:label "publication year"@en .


#################################################################
#    Classes
#################################################################

###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#ApplicationDomain
:ApplicationDomain rdf:type owl:Class ;
                   rdfs:comment "Domain in which graph query languages are applied (e.g., biomedical, clinical)."@en ;
                   rdfs:label "Application domain"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#DataModel
:DataModel rdf:type owl:Class ;
           rdfs:comment "Graph data models considered by a secondary study (e.g., RDF, property graphs)."@en ;
           rdfs:label "Data model"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#DigitalLibrary
:DigitalLibrary rdf:type owl:Class ;
                rdfs:comment "Digital library or index that includes a given secondary study (ACM DL, IEEE Xplore, SpringerLink, Scopus)."@en ;
                rdfs:label "Digital library"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#EvaluationDimension
:EvaluationDimension rdf:type owl:Class ;
                     rdfs:comment "Dimension along which secondary studies evaluate or compare languages or systems (e.g., expressiveness, complexity, performance, usability, coverage)."@en ;
                     rdfs:label "Evaluation dimension"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#QueryLanguage
:QueryLanguage rdf:type owl:Class ;
               rdfs:comment "Concrete query language (e.g., SPARQL, Cypher, Gremlin, GraphQL, GQL)."@en ;
               rdfs:label "Query language"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#ResearchAspect
:ResearchAspect rdf:type owl:Class ;
                rdfs:comment "High-level aspect covered by a study, such as query languages, path queries, or HCI."@en ;
                rdfs:label "Research aspect"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#ResearchQuestion
:ResearchQuestion rdf:type owl:Class ;
                  rdfs:comment "Research questions that guide the systematic mapping study."@en ;
                  rdfs:label "Research question"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#SecondaryStudy
:SecondaryStudy rdf:type owl:Class ;
                rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                  owl:onProperty :addressesTopic ;
                                  owl:allValuesFrom :TopicCluster
                                ] ,
                                [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                  owl:onProperty :answersRQ ;
                                  owl:allValuesFrom :ResearchQuestion
                                ] ,
                                [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                  owl:onProperty :evaluatesAlong ;
                                  owl:allValuesFrom :EvaluationDimension
                                ] ,
                                [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                  owl:onProperty :hasThreat ;
                                  owl:allValuesFrom :ValidityThreat
                                ] ,
                                [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                  owl:onProperty :indexedIn ;
                                  owl:allValuesFrom :DigitalLibrary
                                ] ,
                                [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                  owl:onProperty :studiesLanguage ;
                                  owl:allValuesFrom :QueryLanguage
                                ] ,
                                [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                  owl:onProperty :coversAspect ;
                                  owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
                                  owl:onClass :ResearchAspect
                                ] ,
                                [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                  owl:onProperty :usesDataModel ;
                                  owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
                                  owl:onClass :DataModel
                                ] ,
                                [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                  owl:onProperty :hasType ;
                                  owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
                                  owl:onClass :StudyType
                                ] ,
                                [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                  owl:onProperty :hasPrimaryDataModel ;
                                  owl:maxQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
                                  owl:onClass :DataModel
                                ] ,
                                [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                  owl:onProperty :hasPrimaryLanguage ;
                                  owl:maxQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
                                  owl:onClass :QueryLanguage
                                ] ,
                                [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                  owl:onProperty :orientedTo ;
                                  owl:maxQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
                                  owl:onClass :SystemOrientation
                                ] ,
                                [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                  owl:onProperty :studyId ;
                                  owl:cardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger
                                ] ,
                                [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                  owl:onProperty :year ;
                                  owl:cardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger
                                ] ;
                owl:hasKey ( :studyId
                           ) ;
                rdfs:comment "Survey, review, systematic mapping study, or systematic literature review on graph query languages."@en ;
                rdfs:label "Secondary study"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#StudyType
:StudyType rdf:type owl:Class ;
           rdfs:comment "Type of secondary study (survey, analysis, SMS, SLR, etc.)."@en ;
           rdfs:label "Study type"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#SystemOrientation
:SystemOrientation rdf:type owl:Class ;
                   rdfs:subClassOf :ResearchAspect ,
                                   [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                     owl:onProperty :typicalForModel ;
                                     owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
                                     owl:onClass :DataModel
                                   ] ,
                                   [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                     owl:onProperty :specialisesAspect ;
                                     owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
                                     owl:onClass :ResearchAspect
                                   ] ;
                   rdfs:comment "Technical/system setting emphasised by a study (graph DBs, RDF stores, graph processing frameworks)."@en ;
                   rdfs:label "System orientation"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#TopicCluster
:TopicCluster rdf:type owl:Class ;
              rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                owl:onProperty :dealsWithRQ ;
                                owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
                                owl:onClass :ResearchQuestion
                              ] ,
                              [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                owl:onProperty :emphasisesAspectInTopic ;
                                owl:minQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
                                owl:onClass :ResearchAspect
                              ] ;
              rdfs:comment "Thematic cluster summarising recurring research topics across secondary studies."@en ;
              rdfs:label "Topic cluster"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#ValidityDimension
:ValidityDimension rdf:type owl:Class ;
                   rdfs:comment "Dimensions of validity (internal, external, construct, conclusion)."@en ;
                   rdfs:label "Validity dimension"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#ValidityThreat
:ValidityThreat rdf:type owl:Class ;
                rdfs:subClassOf [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                  owl:onProperty :threatOn ;
                                  owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
                                  owl:onClass :ValidityDimension
                                ] ;
                rdfs:comment "Threats to validity discussed for the mapping or for individual studies."@en ;
                rdfs:label "Threat to validity"@en .


#################################################################
#    Individuals
#################################################################

###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#ACM_DL
:ACM_DL rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                 :DigitalLibrary ;
        rdfs:label "ACM Digital Library"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#Analysis
:Analysis rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                   :StudyType ;
          rdfs:label "Analysis"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#ApplicationDomainAspect
:ApplicationDomainAspect rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                                  :ResearchAspect ;
                         rdfs:label "Application domain aspect"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#Biomedical
:Biomedical rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                     :ApplicationDomain ;
            rdfs:label "Biomedical"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#Clinical
:Clinical rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                   :ApplicationDomain ;
          rdfs:label "Clinical"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#Comparison
:Comparison rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                     :StudyType ;
            rdfs:label "Comparison"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#Complexity
:Complexity rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                     :EvaluationDimension ;
            rdfs:label "Complexity"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#ConclusionValidity
:ConclusionValidity rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                             :ValidityDimension ;
                    rdfs:label "Conclusion validity"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#ConstructValidity
:ConstructValidity rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                            :ValidityDimension ;
                   rdfs:label "Construct validity"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#Coverage
:Coverage rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                   :EvaluationDimension ;
          rdfs:label "Coverage of features/studies"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#Cypher
:Cypher rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                 :QueryLanguage ;
        rdfs:label "Cypher"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#DomainIndependent
:DomainIndependent rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                            :ApplicationDomain ;
                   rdfs:label "Domain-independent"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#Expressiveness
:Expressiveness rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                         :EvaluationDimension ;
                rdfs:label "Expressiveness"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#ExternalValidity
:ExternalValidity rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                           :ValidityDimension ;
                  rdfs:label "External validity"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#FoundationsAndTheory
:FoundationsAndTheory rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                               :TopicCluster ;
                      :dealsWithRQ :RQ1 ,
                                   :RQ2 ;
                      :emphasisesAspectInTopic :PathQueries ,
                                               :QueryLanguages ;
                      rdfs:label "Foundations and theory of graph query languages"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#GQL
:GQL rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
              :QueryLanguage ;
     rdfs:label "GQL"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#GQLSMSMappingStudy
:GQLSMSMappingStudy rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                             :SecondaryStudy ;
                    :addressesTopic :FoundationsAndTheory ,
                                    :GraphAndPropertyGraphQL ,
                                    :GraphProcessingAndDSLs ,
                                    :PathQuerying ,
                                    :RDFAndSemanticWebQL ;
                    :answersRQ :RQ1 ,
                               :RQ2 ,
                               :RQ3 ,
                               :RQ4 ;
                    :coversAspect :ApplicationDomainAspect ,
                                  :GraphDatabases ,
                                  :PathQueries ,
                                  :QueryLanguages ,
                                  :QueryProcessing ,
                                  :RDFKnowledgeGraphs ,
                                  :SemanticWebContext ;
                    :hasThreat :ThreatClassificationBias ,
                               :ThreatSelectionBias ;
                    :hasType :SMS ;
                    :usesDataModel :OtherGraphModel ,
                                   :PropertyGraph ,
                                   :RDF ;
                    :studyId "SMS-GQL" ;
                    :year "2025"^^xsd:gYear .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#GraphAndPropertyGraphQL
:GraphAndPropertyGraphQL rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                                  :TopicCluster ;
                         :dealsWithRQ :RQ2 ,
                                      :RQ4 ;
                         :emphasisesAspectInTopic :GraphDatabases ,
                                                  :QueryLanguages ;
                         rdfs:label "Graph and property graph query languages"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#GraphDBSystem
:GraphDBSystem rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                        :SystemOrientation ;
               :specialisesAspect :GraphDatabases ;
               :typicalForModel :PropertyGraph ;
               rdfs:label "Graph database system"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#GraphDatabases
:GraphDatabases rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                         :ResearchAspect ;
                rdfs:label "Graph databases"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#GraphProcessingAndDSLs
:GraphProcessingAndDSLs rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                                 :TopicCluster ;
                        :dealsWithRQ :RQ4 ;
                        :emphasisesAspectInTopic :QueryProcessing ;
                        rdfs:label "Graph processing and DSLs"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#GraphProcessingFramework
:GraphProcessingFramework rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                                   :SystemOrientation ;
                          :specialisesAspect :QueryProcessing ;
                          :typicalForModel :OtherGraphModel ;
                          rdfs:label "Graph processing / analytics framework"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#GraphQLQLang
:GraphQLQLang rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                       :QueryLanguage ;
              rdfs:label "GraphQL"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#Gremlin
:Gremlin rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                  :QueryLanguage ;
         rdfs:label "Gremlin"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#HCIPerspective
:HCIPerspective rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                         :ResearchAspect ;
                rdfs:label "HCI perspective"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#IEEE_Xplore
:IEEE_Xplore rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                      :DigitalLibrary ;
             rdfs:label "IEEE Xplore"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#InternalValidity
:InternalValidity rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                           :ValidityDimension ;
                  rdfs:label "Internal validity"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#OtherGraphModel
:OtherGraphModel rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                          :DataModel ;
                 rdfs:label "Other graph model"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#PathQueries
:PathQueries rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                      :ResearchAspect ;
             rdfs:label "Path queries"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#PathQuerying
:PathQuerying rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                       :TopicCluster ;
              :dealsWithRQ :RQ3 ;
              :emphasisesAspectInTopic :PathQueries ;
              :refinesTopic :FoundationsAndTheory ;
              rdfs:label "Path querying"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#PropertyGraph
:PropertyGraph rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                        :DataModel ;
               rdfs:label "Property graph"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#QL13
:QL13 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
               :SecondaryStudy ;
      :addressesTopic :FoundationsAndTheory ,
                      :GraphAndPropertyGraphQL ,
                      :PathQuerying ;
      :coversAspect :GraphDatabases ,
                    :PathQueries ,
                    :QueryLanguages ,
                    :RDFKnowledgeGraphs ;
      :emphasisesAspect :PathQueries ,
                        :QueryLanguages ;
      :evaluatesAlong :Complexity ,
                      :Expressiveness ;
      :hasPrimaryDataModel :PropertyGraph ;
      :hasType :Survey ;
      :indexedIn :ACM_DL ,
                 :Scopus ;
      :orientedTo :GraphDBSystem ;
      :studiesLanguage :Cypher ,
                       :Gremlin ,
                       :SPARQL ;
      :targetsDomain :DomainIndependent ;
      :usesDataModel :PropertyGraph ,
                     :RDF ;
      :studyId "QL13" ;
      :year "2017"^^xsd:gYear .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#QL28
:QL28 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
               :SecondaryStudy ;
      :addressesTopic :GraphAndPropertyGraphQL ;
      :coversAspect :QueryLanguages ,
                    :SemanticWebContext ;
      :emphasisesAspect :QueryLanguages ;
      :evaluatesAlong :Coverage ,
                      :Expressiveness ;
      :hasPrimaryDataModel :OtherGraphModel ;
      :hasPrimaryLanguage :GraphQLQLang ;
      :hasType :SMS ;
      :indexedIn :ACM_DL ,
                 :Scopus ;
      :orientedTo :GraphDBSystem ;
      :studiesLanguage :GraphQLQLang ;
      :targetsDomain :DomainIndependent ;
      :usesDataModel :OtherGraphModel ;
      :studyId "QL28" ;
      :year "2023"^^xsd:gYear .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#QL32
:QL32 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
               :SecondaryStudy ;
      :addressesTopic :GraphAndPropertyGraphQL ,
                      :PathQuerying ;
      :answersRQ :RQ3 ;
      :coversAspect :GraphDatabases ,
                    :PathQueries ,
                    :QueryLanguages ,
                    :RDFKnowledgeGraphs ;
      :emphasisesAspect :PathQueries ;
      :evaluatesAlong :Complexity ,
                      :Coverage ,
                      :Expressiveness ;
      :hasPrimaryDataModel :PropertyGraph ;
      :hasType :SMS ;
      :indexedIn :IEEE_Xplore ,
                 :Scopus ;
      :orientedTo :GraphDBSystem ;
      :relatedStudy :QL13 ,
                    :QL28 ;
      :studiesLanguage :Cypher ,
                       :Gremlin ,
                       :SPARQL ;
      :targetsDomain :DomainIndependent ;
      :usesDataModel :PropertyGraph ,
                     :RDF ;
      :studyId "QL32" ;
      :year "2024"^^xsd:gYear .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#QL36
:QL36 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
               :SecondaryStudy ;
      :addressesTopic :GraphProcessingAndDSLs ;
      :answersRQ :RQ4 ;
      :coversAspect :QueryLanguages ,
                    :QueryProcessing ;
      :emphasisesAspect :QueryProcessing ;
      :evaluatesAlong :Coverage ,
                      :SystemPerformance ;
      :hasPrimaryDataModel :OtherGraphModel ;
      :hasType :SLR ;
      :indexedIn :Scopus ;
      :orientedTo :GraphProcessingFramework ;
      :targetsDomain :DomainIndependent ;
      :usesDataModel :OtherGraphModel ;
      :studyId "QL36" ;
      :year "2025"^^xsd:gYear .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#QueryLanguages
:QueryLanguages rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                         :ResearchAspect ;
                rdfs:label "Query languages"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#QueryProcessing
:QueryProcessing rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                          :ResearchAspect ;
                 rdfs:label "Query processing and engines"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#RDF
:RDF rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
              :DataModel ;
     rdfs:label "RDF"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#RDFAndSemanticWebQL
:RDFAndSemanticWebQL rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                              :TopicCluster ;
                     :dealsWithRQ :RQ2 ,
                                  :RQ4 ;
                     :emphasisesAspectInTopic :RDFKnowledgeGraphs ,
                                              :SemanticWebContext ;
                     rdfs:label "RDF and Semantic Web query languages"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#RDFKnowledgeGraphs
:RDFKnowledgeGraphs rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                             :ResearchAspect ;
                    rdfs:label "RDF and knowledge graphs"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#RDFStoreOrKG
:RDFStoreOrKG rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                       :SystemOrientation ;
              :specialisesAspect :RDFKnowledgeGraphs ;
              :typicalForModel :RDF ;
              rdfs:label "RDF store / knowledge graph system"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#RQ1
:RQ1 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
              :ResearchQuestion ;
     rdfs:label "RQ1: Types and evolution of secondary studies"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#RQ2
:RQ2 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
              :ResearchQuestion ;
     rdfs:label "RQ2: Coverage of data models and query languages"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#RQ3
:RQ3 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
              :ResearchQuestion ;
     rdfs:label "RQ3: Treatment of path queries"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#RQ4
:RQ4 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
              :ResearchQuestion ;
     rdfs:label "RQ4: Application contexts, systems, and HCI"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#Review
:Review rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                 :StudyType ;
        rdfs:label "Review"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#SLR
:SLR rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
              :StudyType ;
     rdfs:label "Systematic Literature Review"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#SMS
:SMS rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
              :StudyType ;
     rdfs:label "Systematic Mapping Study"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#SPARQL
:SPARQL rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                 :QueryLanguage ;
        rdfs:label "SPARQL"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#Scopus
:Scopus rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                 :DigitalLibrary ;
        rdfs:label "Scopus"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#SemanticWebContext
:SemanticWebContext rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                             :ResearchAspect ;
                    rdfs:label "Semantic Web / Web context"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#SpringerLink
:SpringerLink rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                       :DigitalLibrary ;
              rdfs:label "SpringerLink"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#Survey
:Survey rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                 :StudyType ;
        rdfs:label "Survey"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#SystemPerformance
:SystemPerformance rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                            :EvaluationDimension ;
                   rdfs:label "System performance"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#ThreatClassificationBias
:ThreatClassificationBias rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                                   :ValidityThreat ;
                          :threatOn :ConstructValidity ;
                          rdfs:label "Classification bias in coding facets"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#ThreatSelectionBias
:ThreatSelectionBias rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                              :ValidityThreat ;
                     :threatOn :InternalValidity ;
                     rdfs:label "Selection bias in study identification"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#Usability
:Usability rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                    :EvaluationDimension ;
           rdfs:label "Usability"@en .


###  http://example.org/gql-sms-onto#WebSearch
:WebSearch rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ,
                    :ApplicationDomain ;
           rdfs:label "Web search"@en .


###  Generated by the OWL API (version 4.5.29.2024-05-13T12:11:03Z) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi